The Mantoux test: What is it and why is it done?
The Mantoux test, also known as the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is a diagnostic tool used to detect tuberculosis (TB) infection. It works by injecting a small amount of a weakened form of the TB bacteria, called tuberculin, into the skin of the forearm. The test measures the body's reaction to the injection and can help determine if a person has been exposed to TB.
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How is the Mantoux Test Done?
The Mantoux test has been widely used for many years and is considered a simple and reliable method for detecting Tuberculosis infection. It is usually performed by a healthcare professional and takes only a few minutes to administer.
Here are the steps involved in performing a Mantoux test:
1.) A small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) is injected just under the skin on the lower arm.
2.) The injection site is then observed for any immediate reactions, such as redness or swelling.
3.) After 48-72 hours, the injection site is examined again to look for any delayed reactions, such as a raised, hard area or a bump.
4.) The size of the bump is measured in millimeters, and the result is recorded.
A positive Mantoux test result indicates that a person has been exposed to TB bacteria and may be infected. However, a positive test result does not necessarily mean that a person has active TB disease, as the body's immune response can remain positive for many years after exposure to the bacteria. In such cases, further tests, such as a chest X-ray or a blood test, may be necessary to determine if the person has active TB disease.
It is important to note that the Mantoux test is not always accurate and can produce false positive results. This can occur if a person has been vaccinated with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is used to prevent TB in many countries. A false positive result can also occur if a person has been exposed to other types of bacteria or viruses that can cause a similar immune response.
The Mantoux test is an important tool in the early detection of TB infection and is recommended for people who are at high risk of exposure to the bacteria. This includes healthcare workers, people with weakened immune systems, and those who have had close contact with someone who has active TB disease.
The Mantoux test is a simple and reliable method for detecting TB infection. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have been exposed to TB, as early detection and treatment can prevent the development of serious complications. If you have a positive Mantoux test result, it is important to undergo further tests to determine if you have active TB disease and to receive appropriate treatment if necessary.
