Cervicogenic Headache

What is Cervicogenic Headache?

Cervicogenic headaches are a type of headache that originates from the neck or cervical spine. They are caused by a problem in the neck that triggers pain in the head, face, and sometimes shoulders or arms. These headaches can be difficult to diagnose because they often mimic other types of headaches, such as tension headaches or migraines. However, early and accurate diagnosis is important to ensure proper treatment and prevent further complications.

Causes of Cervicogenic Headaches

Cervicogenic headaches can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Neck Injuries

One of the most common causes of cervicogenic headaches is neck injuries such as whiplash or muscle strain. Injuries to the neck can cause inflammation or damage to the nerves and muscles in the area, which can lead to headaches.

Poor Posture

Poor postures, such as slouching or hunching over a desk or computer, can cause strain on the muscles and nerves in the neck, leading to cervicogenic headaches.

Arthritis

Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation in the joints, and it can occur in the neck. The inflammation can cause pressure on the nerves in the neck, leading to headaches.

Herniated Disc

A herniated disc is a condition in which one of the discs in the spine slips out of place and presses on the nerves in the area. If a herniated disc occurs in the neck, it can cause cervicogenic headaches.

Pinched Nerve

A pinched nerve in the neck can cause pain and discomfort that radiates into the head, leading to cervicogenic headaches.

Tumors

While rare, tumors in the neck or spine can cause pressure on the nerves and muscles in the area, leading to cervicogenic headaches.

Infections

Infections in the neck or spine can cause inflammation or damage to the nerves and muscles in the area, leading to headaches.

Degenerative Disc Disease

Degenerative disc disease is a condition in which the discs in the spine begin to break down over time. If the condition occurs in the neck, it can cause pressure on the nerves in the area, leading to cervicogenic headaches.

Symptoms of Cervicogenic Headaches

Cervicogenic headaches are a type of headache that originates in the neck but can be felt in the head. The pain associated with cervicogenic headaches can be described as a deep, aching sensation that is typically felt on one side of the head and may be accompanied by additional symptoms such as stiffness in the neck, shoulder pain, numbness or tingling in the arms, and dizziness.

The pain associated with cervicogenic headaches is often described as moderate to severe in intensity and is usually felt in the back of the head, near the base of the skull. The pain may also be felt in the temples, forehead, or behind the eyes. It can be unilateral or bilateral, meaning it can be felt on one or both sides of the head.

Unlike other types of headaches such as migraines or tension headaches, cervicogenic headaches are not typically pulsating or throbbing in nature. Instead, the pain is usually described as a constant, dull ache that can persist for hours or even days.

The pain associated with cervicogenic headaches is often exacerbated by certain movements of the neck or head. For example, turning the head or tilting it backward can intensify the pain. In some cases, even everyday activities such as driving, reading, or using a computer can trigger or worsen the pain.

In addition to the pain in the head and neck, people with cervicogenic headaches may also experience muscle spasms, stiffness, and a limited range of motion in the neck. These symptoms are typically caused by a dysfunction or injury to the cervical spine, such as a herniated disc, whiplash, or degenerative changes in the vertebrae.

Overall, the pain associated with cervicogenic headaches can be severe and debilitating, and may significantly impact a person's quality of life.

Diagnosis of Cervicogenic Headaches

Diagnosing cervicogenic headaches can be challenging as the symptoms can overlap with other types of headaches, such as migraines or tension headaches. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests may be needed to accurately diagnose cervicogenic headaches.

Medical History

The first step in diagnosing cervicogenic headaches is to take a detailed medical history. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, including the location and intensity of your pain, any triggers or aggravating factors, and any previous treatments you have tried.

Physical Examination

A physical examination will be performed to assess the range of motion of your neck and to identify any areas of tenderness or muscle spasms. Your doctor may also test your reflexes and muscle strength in your arms.

Diagnostic Tests

Imaging studies such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans may be ordered to assess the structure of your cervical spine and identify any abnormalities that may be contributing to your headaches.

Diagnostic Nerve Block

In some cases, a diagnostic nerve block may be performed to determine if the pain is originating from the neck. A local anesthetic is injected into the nerve that supplies sensation to the suspected area of pain. If the headache is relieved after the injection, this is a strong indication that the pain is originating from the neck.

Cervical Provocation Test

Another diagnostic test that may be performed is the cervical provocation test. This involves moving the patient's neck in a certain direction to provoke the headache. If the headache is reproduced during the test, this is another indication that the pain is originating from the neck.

Differential Diagnosis

It is important to differentiate cervicogenic headaches from other types of headaches, such as migraines or tension headaches. Migraines typically involve pulsating pain that is often accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound, while tension headaches involve a squeezing or pressure-like sensation that affects both sides of the head.

Overall, the diagnosis of cervicogenic headaches requires a careful evaluation of the patient's symptoms, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Once a diagnosis is made, a treatment plan can be developed to address the underlying cause of the headaches and provide relief from the pain.

Treatment of Cervicogenic Headaches

Treatment for cervicogenic headaches often involves a combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes. 

The treatment of Cervicogenic Headache includes:

1.) Medication

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen can be effective in reducing pain and inflammation. Muscle relaxants may also be prescribed to relieve muscle spasms in the neck. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

2.) Physical Therapy

Physical therapy can be effective in reducing pain and improving the function of the cervical spine. Techniques such as manual therapy, cervical traction, and exercise therapy can help to improve the range of motion, reduce muscle tension, and strengthen the muscles supporting the neck. Additionally, posture correction and ergonomics can be important to help reduce strain on the neck.

3.) Lifestyle Modifications

Certain lifestyle modifications can be helpful in managing cervicogenic headaches. Stress reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or yoga can help to reduce muscle tension and relieve pain. Maintaining proper posture while sitting or standing can also help to reduce strain on the neck. Regular exercise can also be beneficial in reducing pain and improving overall health.

4.) Surgical Intervention

In rare cases, surgical intervention may be necessary if conservative treatments are not effective in relieving pain. This may involve procedures such as cervical fusion or decompression surgery to address structural issues in the cervical spine.

Overall, the management of cervicogenic headaches requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying cause of the pain. A combination of medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications can be effective in reducing pain and improving function. It is important to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop an individualized treatment plan that meets your specific needs and goals.

Prevention of Cervicogenic Headaches

Preventing cervicogenic headaches involves identifying and avoiding triggers, maintaining good posture, and practicing healthy lifestyle habits. 

Here are some tips for preventing cervicogenic headaches:

1.) Improve Posture: Poor posture can cause strain on the neck and lead to cervicogenic headaches. It is important to maintain good posture while sitting, standing, and sleeping. This involves keeping the shoulders back and down, the chin level, and the ears over the shoulders.

2.) Take Frequent Breaks: If you spend a lot of time sitting at a desk or working on a computer, take frequent breaks to stand up, stretch, and move around. This can help to reduce muscle tension and prevent headaches.

3.) Avoid Repetitive Motions: Avoid performing repetitive motions that strain the neck, such as looking down at a phone or computer screen for extended periods of time. If you must perform these activities, take frequent breaks to stretch and move your neck.

4.) Exercise Regularly: Regular exercise can help to improve posture, reduce muscle tension, and prevent headaches. Incorporate exercises that strengthen the muscles supporting the neck, such as neck stretches, shoulder shrugs, and chin tucks.

5.) Manage Stress: Stress can cause muscle tension in the neck and lead to cervicogenic headaches. Practice stress reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or yoga to help reduce stress and tension.

6.) Get Adequate Sleep: Poor sleep can exacerbate headaches. It is important to get enough sleep each night and establish a regular sleep schedule.

7.) Avoid Trigger Foods: Certain foods and drinks can trigger headaches. Identify your trigger foods and avoid them as much as possible.

8.) Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and good sleep habits can help to prevent cervicogenic headaches.

By following these tips, you can reduce your risk of experiencing cervicogenic headaches and improve your overall quality of life. If you continue to experience headaches despite making these lifestyle changes, consult with your healthcare provider to determine if additional treatment is necessary.